Convert text between 12 case styles instantly. Live preview, copy in one click, and chain conversions by applying results back to the input.
The two most common academic citation styles differ in how they handle short words and prepositions. Here's the same example formatted both ways:
| Original | APA 7 Title Case | MLA 9 Title Case |
|---|---|---|
| the art of war: strategies for success | The Art of War: Strategies for Success | The Art of War: Strategies for Success |
| understanding artificial intelligence and machine learning | Understanding Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning | Understanding Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning |
| how to be productive in a digital age | How to Be Productive in a Digital Age | How to Be Productive in a Digital Age |
Academic papers, article headlines, most everyday writing. Easiest to read for long text.
Reference lists, Works Cited pages, journal article titles. Required by these citation styles.
Book titles, news headlines, headings. When no specific style guide applies.
Programming variables and functions: getUserEmail, isLoggedIn.
Class names and constructors: UserProfile, DatabaseConnection.
Database columns, Python variables: user_email, created_at.
URLs, CSS class names, configuration keys: my-component, primary-button.
APA capitalises all words of four letters or more, regardless of their part of speech. MLA capitalises all major words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns) but keeps articles, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions lowercase—even if they have four or more letters. Both capitalise the first and last word of a title, and the first word after a colon (subtitle).
Yes. When you convert text to lowercase modes, the "Keep ALL-CAPS words" checkbox (enabled by default) preserves words like NASA, PhD, USA, and UNESCO. This prevents acronyms from becoming "nasa" or "phd". Uncheck the box if you want to convert everything, including acronyms.
Yes. The "Apply to box" button replaces your original text with the converted output. This lets you chain conversions—for example, convert to camelCase, then apply it, then convert the result to kebab-case.
In title case modes (Title Case, APA, MLA), both parts of a hyphenated word are capitalised: "Twenty-First", "Self-Report", "Mother-in-Law". In camelCase and PascalCase, the hyphen is removed: "twentyFirst", "selfReport".
This tool uses JavaScript's built-in toLocaleUpperCase() and toLocaleLowerCase() methods, which correctly handle accented characters in most languages—é becomes É, ñ becomes Ñ, ü becomes Ü, and vice versa.